Shapes are formed by enclosing lines. They can be geometric (circles, squares) or organic (freeform). Shapes are fundamental in creating structure and visual hierarchy in a design.
Color is a powerful tool in graphic design. It can evoke emotions, convey meaning, and create visual interest. Understanding color theory, including concepts like hue, saturation, and contrast, is crucial for effective design.
Texture refers to the surface quality of an element. It can be tactile (actual texture) or visual (simulated texture). Adding texture can enhance the visual appeal and depth of a design.
Typography involves the selection and arrangement of fonts (typefaces), font sizes, and spacing. It plays a critical role in conveying the tone and personality of a design and ensuring readability.
Scale refers to the size of elements in relation to one another. Varying scale helps create visual hierarchy and emphasis within a design, guiding the viewer's attention.
Contrast involves the juxtaposition of different elements to create visual interest. This can include variations in color, size, shape, or texture. Contrast helps highlight key elements and make the design more dynamic.
Both positive (occupied by elements) and negative (empty) space are essential in graphic design. Adequate spacing between elements ensures clarity, readability, and a balanced composition.
Balance is the distribution of visual weight in a design. There are two types of balance: symmetrical (even distribution) and asymmetrical (uneven distribution). Achieving balance is crucial for a harmonious and aesthetically pleasing design.
Unity ensures that all elements in a design work together cohesively. It involves creating a sense of harmony and consistency, whether through repeating elements, a consistent color scheme, or a coherent visual style.