Operators

Here, ‘+’ is the operator known as the addition operator and ‘a’ and ‘b’ are operands. The addition operator tells the compiler to add both of the operands ‘a’ and ‘b’.

Different types of operators in C++

There are 6 built-in operators in C++:-

Arithmetic operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
Bitwise operators
Assignment operators
Other operators

1. Arithmetic operators:

These are used to perform mathematical operations on operands.

For example: (+,-,*,/,%,++,–).
These are of two types:
a.) Unary operators
b.) Binary operators

a.) Unary operators:-

operators that work with a single operand are called unary operators.
For example:- Increment(++) and Decrement(–) operators

int val = 6;
++val; // 7

int val = 6;
++val; // 7

b.) Binary operators:-

operators that operate or work with two operands are binary operators.
For example:-

Addition(+)

Subtraction(-)

Multiplication(*)

Division(/) operators

For example:-

int a = 7;
int b = 8;
a + b; // 15

int a = 7;
int b = 8;
a + b; // 15

2. Relational operators:-

These are used to compare two operands’ values. To check whether the operands are equal or not i.e one operand is equal to another operand or not.
Some of the relational operands are
1.) Equal (==)
2.) Greater than or equal(>=)
3.) Less than or equal(<=)

For example-

int a=7;

int b=5;

a>b; // operator to check if a is greater than b

int a=7;
int b=5;
a>b;  // operator to check if a is greater than b

3. Logical operators:-

Logical operators are used to combining two or more conditions. The result of the operation of the logical operator is a Boolean value either true or false.
Some of the logical operators are:-
1.) Logical AND (&&)
2.) Logical OR (||)
3.) Logical NOT(!)

For example:-

(7!=8); //true

(7!=8) && (7>8); // false

(7!=8) || (7>8); // false

(7!=8); //true
(7!=8) || (7>8); // false
(7!=8) && (7>8); // false

4. Bitwise operators:-

The bitwise operators are used to perform bit-level operations on the operands. The operators are converted into bit-level then the calculation is performed on the operands.

There are six types of Bitwise operators

1.) Bitwise AND operator (&)

2.) Bitwise OR operator(|)

3.) Bitwise XOR operator(^)

4.) Bitwise COMPLEMENT operator(~)

5.) Bitwise SHIFT LEFT operator(<<)

6.) Bitwise SHIFT RIGHT operator(>>)

These operations are necessary because the Arithmetic-Logic Unit(ALU) in the computer’s CPU carries out arithmetic operations at the bit level.

NOTE:- Bitwise operators are only used with char and int data types.

For example:-

int a=5, b=9; //a = 5(00000101), b = 9(00001001)
(a^b); // 00001100
(~a); // 11111010

int a=5, b=9; //a = 5(00000101), b = 9(00001001)
(a^b); // 00001100
(~a); // 11111010

5. Assignment operators:-

These are used to assign a value to the variable. The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable and the right side of the assignment operator is a value.
The value on the right side must be of the same data type as the variable on the left side otherwise the compiler will raise an error.

6. Other operators:-

Apart from the above operators, there are some other operators available in C or C++ used to perform some specific tasks. Some of them are discussed here:

1.)Size of operator:-

Size is much used in the C/C++ programming language.
· It is a compile-time unary operator which can be used to compute the size of its operand.
· Basically, the size of the operator is used to compute the size of the variable.

Operators | C++